International support for Ukraine in 2025 represents the most complex and largest multilateral aid system in modern history. This system has evolved from an initial emergency humanitarian response in 2022 to a comprehensive architecture of long-term recovery and institution-building that characterizes the “long phase” conflict.
Understanding this system requires awareness of five major levels of donor support: multilateral international organizations and financial institutions, bilateral government donors, multilateral defense mechanisms, private foundations and corporations, and specialized industry funds. Each level has its own specific tools, procedures and targets, which creates a complex mosaic of complementary aid flows.
Key methodological caveat: This analysis distinguishes between officially announced commitments and actual disbursements, as the difference between political announcements and actual financial flows can be significant, especially in the context of multi-year programs that depend on political cycles in donor countries.
Level one: United Nations system – advanced analysis
Major development and humanitarian aid agencies
The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) functions as a coordinating center for long-term development projects, focusing on rebuilding critical social and economic infrastructure, improving the efficiency of local governments especially in the eastern regions, creating jobs for internally displaced persons, and promoting peace and reconciliation. The program is of particular importance for decentralization and the development of civil society. Detailed information is available at undp.org/ukraine.
The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) coordinates the international response to child protection, implementing programs to protect youth, children and women from HIV/AIDS, prevent violence against children, promote children’s rights and support policies in the interests of children. Special attention is paid to education in conflict conditions and psychosocial support. Official information is at unicef.org/ukraine.
The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) leads the international response to refugees and internally displaced persons, coordinating the provision of asylum, housing and humanitarian support. The organization plays a key role in coordination between refugee-receiving countries.
Critical UN agencies that were missed
The World Food Program (WFP) plays a central role in ensuring food security in Ukraine by coordinating food deliveries to the most affected regions and supporting logistics networks in conflict situations. WFP also manages operations to deliver humanitarian aid through complex logistical routes.
The World Health Organization (WHO) coordinates international medical aid, provides supplies of critical medicines and medical equipment, and also supports the functioning of the health care system in wartime conditions. WHO is especially important for the coordination of international medical missions.
The International Organization for Migration (IOM) specializes in supporting internally displaced persons, coordinating their accommodation, integration into host communities and provision of basic needs. IOM also plays a key role in coordinating with neighboring governments.
The United Nations Organization for Project Services (UNOPS) provides technical and logistical services for infrastructure rehabilitation projects, particularly in areas requiring rapid response and specialized expertise.
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) supports food security through programs to restore agricultural production, provide seeds and fertilizers, and provide technical assistance to farms in affected regions.
Level Two: International Financial Institutions – traditional and new
Global multilateral development banks
The World Bank through its main institution – International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) – provides soft loans and grants to Ukraine for a wide range of reforms and development projects. The support covers the modernization of social protection and health care systems, the fight against HIV and tuberculosis, the support of the private sector and the strengthening of civil society for successful economic reforms. In 2025, together with the government of Ukraine, the PREPARE Ukraine program was launched in the amount of two hundred million dollars for the preparation of post-war infrastructure reconstruction projects. Comprehensive information is available at worldbank.org/ukraine.
The International Finance Corporation (IFC), the private sector of the World Bank Group, stimulates economic growth through project financing and private business investment, encouraging entrepreneurship and job creation. The IFC is particularly important in attracting private capital to the recovery. Details at ifc.org.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) provides macro-financial stabilization through multi-billion credit programs for 2023-2025, conditioned by the implementation of structural economic reforms, including anti-corruption measures, strengthening the financial system and improving corporate governance.
The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) functions as one of the largest investors in Ukraine, lending to projects in the financial sector, supporting small and medium-sized businesses, developing municipal, transport and energy infrastructure, implementing environmental and energy-efficient solutions, modernizing industry. The EBRD is particularly important in supporting the private sector in conflict situations. Official information is available at ebrd.com/ukraine.
The European Investment Bank (EIB), as an investment bank of the European Union, provides soft loans and guarantees to Ukraine for economic recovery. In 2025, the EIB announced a new financing package of approximately six hundred million euros to restore energy systems, transport networks and support small businesses. Since the start of the full-scale war, the EIB has mobilized €3.6 billion in aid, including support for the reconstruction of hydroelectric power plants, heat networks, roads, bridges, border crossings and lending to Ukrainian SMEs under EU guarantees. The EIB also launched the Ukraine FIRST initiative for the preparation of infrastructure projects together with the EBRD and the European Commission. Details at eib.org.
Regional and specialized financial institutions
Council of Europe Development Bank (CEB) provided 7.5 million euros to help refugees. Ukraine joined the bank on June 15, 2023, gaining access to additional sources of financing for social development and infrastructure projects.
The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) accepted Ukraine as its 179th member in September 2024, according to Ukrainian Pravda report. The Parliament supported the decision on Ukraine joining IFAD in accordance with information of the Cabinet of Ministers, opening access to soft loans and grants from 2025 for the development of agriculture and rural territory.
The $100 billion Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) has suspended operations with Russia, according to an official statement and is potentially ready to provide financing to Ukraine if it joins the organization, which would expand access to Asian capital.
The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), a member of the World Bank Group, provides political insurance and guarantees to attract private investment to Ukraine, which is especially critical for the inflow of long-term capital in conflict situations.
Tier Three: Multilateral Defense Mechanisms – a critical missing element
European Peace Facility
The European Peace Facility represents the largest off-budget defense instrument of the European Union with funding of over seventeen billion euros for 2022-2025 specifically for military aid to Ukraine. The EPF coordinates arms shipments from EU member states, compensating them for costs and ensuring the standardization of military aid. This mechanism allows the EU to provide lethal weapons, bypassing traditional restrictions on financing defense projects from the Union’s main budget.
NATO Comprehensive Assistance Package
NATO CAP coordinates multilateral training of Ukrainian armed forces, standardization of military procedures in accordance with NATO standards, and technical assistance in reforming the defense sector. The program includes specialized trust funds for cyber security, logistics, military medicine and demining.
NATO trust funds include several specialized mechanisms: the logistical support fund, the cyber security fund, the military medicine fund, and the military professional development fund. Each fund coordinates contributions from various NATO member countries for Ukraine’s specific defense needs.
Level four: The European Union as a systemic donor
The European Union functions as the largest collective donor through several complementary mechanisms. Ukraine Facility as a special financial instrument in the amount of fifty billion euros for 2024-2027 provides stable financing in the form of grants and loans for restoration, reconstruction and modernization. Until March 2025, Ukraine received about twenty billion euros through this mechanism.
The EU also provides significant macro-financial assistance through soft loans to cover budget deficits and coordinates humanitarian support through the Directorate-General for Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection (ECHO). At the same time, a long-term defense aid program worth about forty billion euros is being discussed. Official information is available at europa.eu.
The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) through the Office of the Project Coordinator implements a wide range of programs: support for legal and security sector reforms, human rights training, the fight against organized crime and human trafficking, arms control, armed forces reform, environmental protection, police and border service reforms, media freedom, election support, good governance and gender equality.
Level Five: Bilateral Government Donors – advanced analysis
United States of America: largest bilateral donor
The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) coordinates American development assistance through dozens of technical assistance projects: improving the business climate through deregulation, pension and financial sector reforms, improving energy efficiency, fighting corruption, and strengthening the rule of law. USAID and the State Department also finance programs to combat tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS, and the development of independent media and civil society.
The US provides direct, free budget support to the government of Ukraine for salaries and social costs, and through the Ministry of Defense and other channels – large-scale military assistance including arms, equipment, ammunition, intelligence support and training. The US International Development Finance Corporation (DFC) provides political insurance for US investments in Ukraine. Official information at usaid.gov/ukraine.
European leading donors
Germany, through the German Society for International Cooperation (GIZ), implements projects of sustainable economic development, public administration reforms, energy efficiency improvement, and the fight against HIV/AIDS. The German development bank KfW provides preferential loans for small and medium-sized businesses, municipal infrastructure, energy saving and education. Germany has also made a large contribution to Ukraine’s energy defense fund and provides military support through the Bundeswehr. Official sites: giz.de and kfw.de.
Great Britain, through the Foundation for Development Assistance (FCDO), coordinates multilateral programs to support reforms and humanitarian aid. The British Council implements educational and cultural projects. The UK also leads the way in military aid through Operation INTERFLEX to train and arm the Ukrainian military. Detailed information at britishcouncil.org.ua.
Key European donors missed
France as the tenth largest donor according to the Kiel Institute has provided more than three billion euros since 2022. President Macron announced two billion euros in additional military aid for March 2025, as well as €195 million from revenues from frozen Russian assets.
Italy plans €1.5 billion for 2025 and has provided ten military aid packages including SAMP/T air defense systems and Storm Shadow.
Spain committed six billion euros until 2027 and provided nineteen Leopard 2A4 tanks, while Belgium committed one billion euros in 2024 and thirty F-16 fighter jets over four years (defensenews.com/global/europe/2024/05/28/spain-belgium-promise-multibillion-dollar-military-aid-for-ukraine/).
Northern European donors
Norway, through NORAD, supports combating climate change, strengthening health care, macroeconomic stability and restoring energy infrastructure. Norway’s government has created a multi-year aid package of $7.5 billion for 2023-2027, half military, half civilian support. Official information at norad.no.
Sweden provides at least SEK 5.6 billion annually for civil and humanitarian support from 2025, which is approximately five hundred million dollars. These funds are directed to reforms, restoration of infrastructure, European integration, protection of the rights of women and vulnerable groups. Sweden also finances projects through the EBRD, the World Bank and NEFCO. Information is available at sida.se/Ukraina.
Finland has provided a multi-year aid package of 1.6 billion euros, focusing on energy security, education and refugee support. Denmark became the leader in terms of the share of GDP, allocating 1.83 percent to support Ukraine. Ireland and Iceland also provide significant support in proportion to the size of their economies.
Non-European developed donors
Canada, through Global Affairs Canada, focuses on reforming the energy sector, agribusiness development, improving public administration and justice reform. The Canadian Foundation for the Support of Local Initiatives provides small grants for NGO and community projects. Canada also provides military support through the UNIFIER mission and demining programs. Official information at international.gc.ca.
Japan, through JICA, finances infrastructure projects, in particular, a loan of 1.62 billion Japanese yen for the modernization of the Bortnyk aeration station in Kyiv. Japan also provides grants for medical equipment, energy conservation and digitization, becoming one of Ukraine’s biggest creditors with hundreds of millions of dollars in emergency support. Details at jica.go.jp.
Australia has become the leading non-European donor with more than $1.5 billion in aid, including guided weapons and air defense systems, according to official information from the Department of Foreign Affairs (dfat.gov.au/geo/ukraine/ukraine-country-brief).
Donors from the Middle East and Asia
Saudi Arabia has provided four hundred million dollars in humanitarian aid, focusing on medical aid and support for refugees. The United Arab Emirates allocated one hundred million dollars for humanitarian projects. Qatar and Kuwait also provided tens of millions of dollars in aid.
South Korea provided two billion dollars in loans plus grants for reconstruction and humanitarian aid, while also supplying non-lethal military equipment. Taiwan allocated two hundred million dollars for medical aid and support for democratic institutions.
Other European countries
- The Netherlands through the MATRA program supports the development of legislation, public administration reforms, environmental protection, education, independent media, social protection, health care and human rights. The Netherlands is also financing the investigation of war crimes and overseeing the reconstruction of the Mykolaiv region.
- Switzerland through SDC/SECO implements programs of decentralization, energy efficiency and medicine. The well-known Swiss-Ukrainian DESPRO project helped the decentralization reform. Switzerland also acts as a mediator in humanitarian initiatives and oversees the restoration of facilities in the Odesa region.
- Poland provides significant aid through arms transfers, infrastructure funding and hosting millions of refugees. Baltic countries – Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania – allocate record shares of GDP and share the experience of digitization and cyber protection.
- Portugal provided 126 million euros, Luxembourg pledged to allocate eighty million euros annually for ten years. Austria, Greece, Croatia, Slovenia, and Malta publicly allocated hundreds of millions of euros in humanitarian and military aid for the full participation of all 27 EU member states.
Level Six: Specialized Sector Funds
Energy security and climate funds
Ukraine Energy Support Fund, through the Energy Community, has accumulated more than six hundred million euros for the restoration of the energy infrastructure after the Russian attacks. The fund coordinates international support to the energy sector and provides technical expertise for rapid recovery.
Climate Investment Funds provide financing for “green” reconstruction of Ukraine, integrating climate goals into energy, transport and industry recovery projects. These funds are particularly important to ensure the sustainability of the recovery.
The Northern Environmental Finance Corporation (NEFCO) finances environmentally important projects including renewable energy, clean technology, energy efficiency, wastewater treatment and environmental solutions in agriculture. Official information at nefco.org.
The Global Environment Facility (GEF) provides grants for the environmental sustainability of development projects, financing environmental initiatives and the cooperation of local communities in solving environmental problems.
Level Seven: Private Donors and Technology Corporations
Megafunds of private philanthropy
The Howard G. Buffett Foundation is the absolute leader in private philanthropy with more than five hundred million dollars in humanitarian support plus three hundred million dollars for 2024 according to The Kyiv Independent (kyivindependent.com/us-philanthropist-pledges-300-million-for-ukraine-in-2024/). The fund exceeds the aid of many medium-sized donor countries and demonstrates the potential of private philanthropy in supporting national sovereignty.
Technology Corporations: A New Type of Strategic Support
- Microsoft leads corporations with more than five hundred million dollars in aid, providing free access to cloud services, cybersecurity and digital infrastructure, according to the official blog. Microsoft also provides one hundred million dollars in technical support annually.
- SpaceX/Starlink provides critical communications infrastructure for the frontline and defense coordination, providing Internet connectivity in the face of Russian attacks on telecommunications infrastructure. This represents a strategically critical non-monetary contribution to national security.
- Amazon provided more than forty-five million dollars in financial assistance plus cloud loans.
- Google allocated fifteen plus million dollars and created a special startup fund.
- Meta has committed to provide fifteen million dollars for humanitarian efforts.
- Airbnb.org coordinates free refugee accommodation through a global network of hosts, providing housing for hundreds of thousands of displaced people. This initiative demonstrates the innovative use of the platform economy for humanitarian purposes.
- Cloudflare and Mandiant provide cybersecurity for Ukraine’s critical infrastructure, protecting government sites, banks and utilities from Russian cyberattacks. This contribution is of strategic importance for the protection of digital sovereignty.
- Fortune confirms that Microsoft leads the list of the largest private donors with four hundred and thirty million dollars, while Google is also among the top corporate donors.
European private funds
Robert Bosch Foundation allocated 28.5 million euros for 2022-2028, becoming the leading European philanthropic donor according to official information (bosch-stiftung.de/en/press/2024/02/20-million-euros-ukraine-engagement).
The Ford Foundation provided two million dollars for supporting democratic values (fordfoundation.org/news-and-stories/stories/supporting-ukraine-and-the-values-of-democracy/). Philanthropy News Digest provides an overview of corporate and foundation support (philanthropynewsdigest.org/news/foundations-corporations-providing-support-for-ukraine-03-13-2022).
Level eight: international non-governmental organizations and humanitarian structures
The largest humanitarian operators
- Direct Relief provided more than $1.1 billion in medical supplies, the largest humanitarian response in the organization’s 75-year history (directrelief.org/2024/01/amid-freezing-temperatures-ukrainian-ngos-double-down-on-humanitarian-projects-for-2024/). This figure demonstrates the unprecedented scale of medical care from one organization.
- Oxfam International has reached over two million people through partner networks, coordinating water, sanitation and food aid (oxfam.org.uk/oxfam-in-action/current-emergencies/ukraine-crisis-appeal/).
- Catholic Relief Services, in partnership with the global Caritas network, has reached nearly four million people in ten plus countries in the region, coordinating an international Catholic response (crs.org/media-center/current-issues/ukraine-conflict-facts-and-how-help).
Specialized medical and social NGOs
- International Medical Corps has deployed mobile medical clinics and is providing specialized trauma care in frontline areas, filling critical gaps in medical coverage.
- Project HOPE coordinates international medical missions and supplies of pharmaceutical products, with a special focus on chronic diseases and maternal health.
- War Child specializes in psychosocial support for children affected by war, providing therapy and education programs to overcome trauma. Re-Think focuses on rehabilitation and social adaptation programs for veterans.
- HelpAge International coordinates care for older people, providing specialized health services and social support for the most vulnerable demographic group.
Traditional international NGOs
- International Foundation “Renaissance” (IRF), founded by George Soros in 1990 as part of the Open Society Foundations, has committed more than three hundred and fifty million dollars between 1990 and 2023 to thousands of initiatives, from educational and legal projects to the development of independent media. The Foundation focuses on European integration, good governance, public control, justice reform, protection of human rights and support for vulnerable groups. Official information at irf.ua.
- Foundation “ Eastern Europe” (FSE) functions as an operator of grant programs of many international donors at the community level, contributing to local economic and social development, strengthening of civil society, improvement of local self-government and environmental projects. Official site eef.org.ua.
- The Konrad Adenauer Foundation (KAS), as a German political foundation close to the CDU, supports democratic institutions, cooperates with pro-European political forces and conducts educational activities. The main tasks include strengthening democratic development, building an active civil society and consolidating democratic institutions. Information at kas.de/ukraine.
- The Friedrich Ebert Foundation (FES), affiliated with the German SPD, has been active in Ukraine since the early 1990s, promoting democracy and the social market economy through projects in social dialogue, youth education, gender equality and decentralization. Official information at ukraine.fes.de.
- Caritas Ukraine as a charitable fund of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, part of the global Caritas network, has been working in Ukraine since 1992, focusing on helping children, youth and families in crisis situations, health care, support for migrants and emergency response. Official site caritas-ua.org.
- The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) as a neutral humanitarian organization since 2014 has been coordinating aid to injured civilians, organizing evacuation from war zones, delivering food and medicine, exchanging prisoners of war and searching for missing persons. Together with the Ukrainian Red Cross and the International Federation, they helped millions of Ukrainians during the two years of the war. Official information at icrc.org.
Diasporic and volunteer organizations
Nova Ukraine has raised over one hundred and sixty million dollars since 2022 (novaukraine.org/), sending tons of humanitarian goods and supporting children’s institutions and refugees.
Razom for Ukraine, as a Ukrainian-American NGO, has raised more than seventy million dollars since 2014 for humanitarian aid, development of civic projects, medical equipment for hospitals, and advocacy of Ukraine’s interests.
Level Nine: Revolutionary Financial Mechanisms 2024-2025
G7 Extraordinary Revenue Acceleration (ERA) Loans Initiative
This innovative mechanism for using revenues from frozen Russian assets totaling fifty billion dollars represents a revolutionary precedent in international law. The US Treasury has listed twenty billion dollars in December 2024, which will be repaid from the proceeds of frozen Russian sovereign assets (home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy2744). The White House detailed the mechanism.
The European Union transferred the first tranche of three billion euros in January 2025 under the EEAS. This mechanism creates a legal precedent for using the aggressor’s assets to compensate the victim of the aggression.
EU Investment Framework and related mechanisms
The EU Investment Framework expects to mobilize eighteen billion euros of investment through 5.7 billion euros of commitments for 2024-2027. This represents an innovative approach to attracting private capital through state guarantees.
Tenth level: Ukrainian initiatives and private funds
State fundraising platforms
United24 as a governmental global platform, launched in May 2022, coordinates international donations in three areas: defense and demining, humanitarian and medical aid, and reconstruction of Ukraine. In the first year, the platform collected more than three hundred and twenty-five million dollars, and by February 2025 – over one billion dollars from over one hundred and ten countries. Official site u24.gov.ua.
Leading Ukrainian charitable foundations
The Charitable Fund “Come Back Alive”, created in 2014 by Vitaly Deinega, is the largest Ukrainian army support fund. Through crowdfunding, the fund purchases high-precision equipment, drones, means of communication, cars and lethal complexes with the approval of the Ministry of Defense. From 2014 to June 2022, attracted more than a hundred million dollars, and after a full-scale invasion, the fees increased many times. The fund received official permission to purchase lethal weapons for the Armed Forces. Official site savelife.in.ua.
Serhiy Prytula’s charity fund became famous for its record-breaking crowdfunding, including six hundred million hryvnias for three days at Bayraktar in 2022. The fund purchases drones including the Poseidon UAV, radio stations, optics, finances satellite imagery and Starlink projects. A surveillance satellite for reconnaissance was purchased with the collected funds. The shelter actively attracts international attention and cooperates with the diaspora. Official site prytulafoundation.org.
The Victor Pinchuk Foundation as the largest private Ukrainian foundation, as of 2013, covers health care, education, culture, international diplomatic support and community development. Well-known projects include the scholarship program “Zavtra.UA”, WorldWideStudies for studying abroad, the network of neonatal centers “Cradle of Hope”, support of UCU and KSE, YES conferences for European integration. In 2022, Pinchuk directed more than ten million pounds to prosthetics for wounded soldiers. Official site pinchukfund.org.
The Rinat Akhmetov Foundation, as the largest corporate foundation of Ukraine, founded in 2005, reached eight million people in the first sixteen years, investing more than one billion dollars in projects. Historically, it financed the fight against tuberculosis and cancer, the development of adoption, and assistance to children with hearing loss. Since 2014, the Humanitarian Headquarters has issued 13.5 million food kits in Donbas. By the beginning of 2025, the SCM business group and the foundation have allocated 11.3 billion hryvnias (≈315 million dollars) to help the army and the country. Official site akhmetovfoundation.org.
General scope of support: analysis and conclusions
Quantification of cumulative support
According to the U.S. News & World Report, total international aid commitments to Ukraine are unprecedented in modern history (usnews.com/news/best-countries/articles/these-countries-have-committed-the-most-aid-to-ukraine). The World Bank published an updated assessment of recovery and reconstruction needs (worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2025/02/25/updated-ukraine-recovery-and-reconstruction-needs-assessment-released), which demonstrates the scale of the investments.
FactCheck.org analyzes the ratio of US and European aid, while Council on Foreign Relations provides a detailed breakdown of the structure of US support.
Methodological caveats regarding promised vs. of actual payments
Pledged funds (advertisements and commitments):
- France: €2 billion (announced March 2025, partially funded)
- Spain: €6 billion by 2027 (multi-year commitment)
- Norway: $7.5 billion for 2023-2027 (phased financing)
Actually transferred funds:
- G7 ERA: $23 billion transferred (US $20 billion + EU €3 billion)
- Ukraine Facility: €17.8 billion paid out of €50 billion planned
- Howard Buffett Foundation: $500+ million actually given